Sunday, May 24, 2020
Enzyme Functions And How The Temperature Of The Reaction...
Unit 4 - Starch Synthesis In this lab, I tested in which conditions starch synthesis will take place and how the temperature of the reaction mixture influences starch synthesis. My main goal for this experiment is to learn about the basic principles of enzyme functions, and how their environment around them can influence them. Hypotheses: I hypothesized that glucose would give off the most starch, compared to the other solutions, and I also predict that the room temperature test tubes would be the most efficient at synthesizing the starch. My null hypothesis was that none of the solutions would have an effect on the starch synthesis. Also, the temperature of the solution would not have an effect on the starch synthesis. Both of theseâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦We placed the 2 plastic centrifuges in the centrifuge, which spun the solution for 3 minutes at 6000 rotations per minute (rpm). We then poured the upper layer liquid (supernatant) from both the plastic centrifuges into a clean beaker, leaving the white pellet in the plastic centrifuges. Then, we removed a small amount of the solution from the beaker, and placed it in the spot plate, adding a drop of iodine. By adding the iodine, it would tell me if the starch was present or not. Given that the solution did not turn blue or black, we can say that the s olution tested negative, indicating starch was not present. We then put the test tube Eââ¬â¢s in their perspective hot water bath, one in each of the following; 40ââÆ', 60ââÆ', and 80ââÆ' for about 10 minutes. After taking out all of our test tube Eââ¬â¢s, we added 30 drops of starch-free enzyme extract (the solution that we just tested), from the beaker to all of the test tubes (all 8). We mixed all of the solutions by hand, where we then added a small drop of soluble starch to each test tube, that we also mixed by hand. Next, to test the solutions/contents, to see if starch was present, set up my spot plate so that it would be organized to conduct the experiment. We did this by taking tape and labeling the left side of the spot plate, with letters of the test tubes that would be tested. Above the spot plate we laid a piece of tape along the top of the spot plate, labeling with the amount of time thatShow MoreRelatedEnzyme Lab Report1676 Words à |à 7 Pagespu rpose of the enzyme lab conducted was to observe the chemical composition of cells. In order to do so we tested for the presence of organic molecules. Molecules are what forms when atoms bond together. Organic molecules of cells include proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, which are composed of smaller molecules known as monomers and polymers. Polymers are joined monomers. A chemical reaction links monomers together occurs and releases a water molecule, this is called dehydration synthesis. HydrolysisRead MoreVolatile Organic Compound Detection Using Graphene6793 Words à |à 28 PagesIntroduction 2. Classification of fruits 3. Technical standards involved- State of the art 4. Introduction to Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) 4.1 VOCs related to fruit ripening 4.2 Chemical reactions involved 5. What is Nano Sensor? 6. Different types of Carbon Nano materials 7. Graphene - 7.1 Easy Synthesis approach 7.2 Properties related to sensing 8. Determination of fruit ripeness 8.1 Effect of relative humidity 9. Measurement techniques 10. Summary Chapter Title: VolatileRead MoreEssay on Enzymes4013 Words à |à 17 PagesEnzymes Enzymes are catalysts. Most are proteins. (A few ribonucleoprotein enzymes have been discovered and, for some of these, the catalytic activity is in the RNA part rather than the protein part. Link to discussion of these ribozymes.) Enzymes bind temporarily to one or more of the reactants of the reaction they catalyze. In doing so, they lower the amount of Read MoreBio 101 Essay24965 Words à |à 100 PagesLabà 2:à à Writingà aà Labà Reportà Labà 3:à à Dataà Measurementà Labà 4:à à Introductionà toà theà Microscopeà à Biologicalà Processes:à à à à à à Labà 5:à à Theà Chemistryà ofà Lifeà Labà 6:à à Diffusionà Labà 7:à à Osmosisà Labà 8:à à Respirationà Labà 9:à à Enzymesà à à à Theà Cell:à à Labà 10:à à Cellà Structureà à Functionà à à à à à Labà 11:à à Mitosisà Labà 12:à à Meiosisà Labà 13:à à DNAà à RNAà Labà 14:à à Mendelianà Geneticsà Labà 15:à à Populationà Geneticsà à à 3à Commonà Labwareà foundà inà ESLà Kitsà à 4à à Labà Safetyà Read MoreThe Extraction of Pectin from Orange Peels13647 Words à |à 55 Pagespost-methanol pre-treatment residue have a dark brown colour, with density of 0.133 g/cm3 and a yield of 16.06% while that without methanol pre-treatment have a greenish yellow colour, 0.10g/ cm3 density and a yield of 15.33%. The gel formation temperatures of pectin samples are 900c and 870c for methanol pre-treated sample and raw orange peel sample respectively. The study suggests that pectin should be produced by the use of 0.17% HCL as extracting agent and ethanol volumetric ratio of 0.67 forRead MoreSexually Transmitted Diseases35655 Words à |à 143 PagesSimple Machines 93-99 Unit 5 The Physical Environment Weather and Climate 100-113 Soils 114-128 Unit 6 Living things in the Environment Plant and animal cells 129 Eukaryotes vs prokaryotes 130 Structures and functions 133-137 Microbes 148-150 Onion and cheek cells 150-151 Ecological study 154 Seed structure and germination 155-157 Reproduction in plants 158-165 Sexually transmitted diseases 166-176 Birth Control and contraceptivesRead MoreAn Introduction to Hydrophonics and Controlled Environment Agriculture40110 Words à |à 161 PagesPh.D. University of Arizona Controlled Environment Agriculture Center 1951 E. Roger Road Tucson, AZ 85719 Revised December, 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: Controlled Environment Agriculture and Hydroponics: Past, Present and Future The Plant How to grow greenhouse crops Plant Protection: Insects and Diseases Basic Principals of Hydroponics Transplant Production Pollination, Fertilization and Bee Management Fruit Harvesting, Grading and Storage Plant Nutrition and Nutritional Disorders Fertigation
Wednesday, May 13, 2020
A Never Ending Cycle Essay - 1721 Words
A Never Ending Cycle Johanna Fong Professor Sergio Gà ³mez Sociology 10 (#91263) Tuesday and Thursday 7:15-10:45A.M. Social Imagination The ability to look at issues and problems from a sociological perspective. Sociologist C.Wright Mills described it as an awareness of the relationship between a personââ¬â¢s behavior and experience. Conceptualization Over the last five centuries, African American people have endured violence and crime in many different ways. Today, law enforcement use full force when it comes to hurting others. Minority community subjected in violence by police in the United States. Sometimes even leading to death. This is a major concern for those minorities in the community. Racist violence and police brutality has controlled the racial African Americans and to give powers to the white race. They did this because of a few reasons. Forced the Africans to slavery and to have low wage problems. They wanted to get rid of social life with them, any conflict with the politics, and more. Police brutality has a strong effect on Americans today. This caused the blacks to have strong hatred towards the white Americans. Police sometimes today even back then feel that when he or she has a badge and gun gives them the right and make them feel above the law towards another individual. This violates a lot of human civil right s. Today we wonder why people act the way they do around police. They simply do not care and care about their human and American rights. JustShow MoreRelatedThe Never Ending Cycle1441 Words à |à 6 PagesThe Never Ending Cycle Everyone has heard someone comment on poverty in the United States. Some people say, the poor have only themselves to blame for their situation. Or, why dont they get a job? This is the problem with society today; the different levels of the class structure have grown so far apart from one another they cannot even relate to one another. People look down on the poor as unmotivated and lazy when, in fact, it is not their fault, but the fault of a society that doesRead MoreA Never Ending Cycle2222 Words à |à 9 PagesA Never Ending Cycle. Arguably, no other group in United States history has been as oppressed as the American Indians. The United States Government has allowed unsettled tensions, poverty, conflicting cultures, disease, and the inaction of the Bureau of Indian Affairs to affect the educational opportunities of American Indians. There is no answer that will appease every group involved in this problem. However, the United States Government can do significantly more than they are doing to help remediateRead MoreThe Never Ending Cycle Of Violence1146 Words à |à 5 Pagesindividual groups, after WWII. Regions which were once controlled by the Ottoman Empire, face daily violence in means to establish their own control amongst people of mixed cultures, ideas, and religions. In this paper I will argue that the never ending cycle of violence, which is still present today was caused by self-determination itself as global capitalism and new imperialism spread, consequently creating a division of politics, territ ory, and individuals of different backgrounds. This has eventuallyRead MoreThe Never Ending Cycle of Prejudice In U.S.A Essay1331 Words à |à 6 Pagesbecause that people have always needed a scapegoat. A group to blame for all of their worries. America has always had discrimination in its society. After the discrimination against a group subsides, another is found to fill the void. Its a never ending cycle of hatred. Its a problem with no distinctive solution. To truly grasp why discrimination and prejudice still exist in modern America, one should understand the origin and the definition of both concepts. Discrimination is a prejudicial treatmentRead MoreThe Slave Trade Was A Never Ending Cycle1561 Words à |à 7 PagesOthers, the men, women, and children captured and sold into slavery were affected in an overwhelmingly negative way. Slavery was perceived and experienced in two distinctly different ways by Africans and Europeans. The Atlantic Slave Trade was a never-ending cycle, so to speak, with each part playing an integral part in the continuum of the trade of human lives for over four centuries. There is no ââ¬Å"beginning,â⬠so Iââ¬â¢d like to begin in a local market in the Igbo-speaking region of southern Nigeria in 1745Read More The Cycle Of Never Ending Cause And Effect Essay examples724 Words à |à 3 Pages The Cycle of Never Ending Cause and Effect There is no such thing as first or second, or as cause and effect. Humanity has constantly searched for the beginning of things asking questions such as Which came first, the chicken or the egg?quot;. They search for answers which are simply entangled in a never ending cycle of events. Belief before evidence or evidence before belief, it doesnt matter. Both compound a cycle where before belief theres evidence and before evidence there is belief andRead MoreThe Endless Cycle Of Human Trafficking1708 Words à |à 7 PagesThe Endless Cycle of Human Trafficking Human Trafficking is the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons by means of threat or use of force through deception of debts and or payments of a ââ¬Å"real jobâ⬠. The recruiters or agents come from all types of organizations such as the mafia as well as small and large crime organizations. Statistics and research prove that trafficking of humans is on the rise in the United States. ââ¬Å"According to a U.S State Department study, someRead MoreThe Endless Cycle Of Human Trafficking1708 Words à |à 7 PagesThe Endless Cycle of Human Trafficking Human Trafficking is the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons by means of threat or use of force through deception of debts and or payments of a ââ¬Å"real jobâ⬠. The recruiters or agents come from all types of organizations such as the mafia as well as small and large crime organizations. Statistics and research prove that trafficking of humans is on the rise in the United States. ââ¬Å"According to a U.S State Department study, someRead MoreAnalysis Of Emily Bronte s Wuthering Heights Essay891 Words à |à 4 Pagesis truly nothing better than a love story with a perfect ending. Unfortunately that is not the case in Emily BrontÃ'âââ¬â¢s Wuthering Heights. The love shared between Catherine Earnshaw and Heathcliff is definitely not hidden. The two are practically the same person, they even say they share the same soul. The only problem is one is a part of a nobility and the other adopted and forced to be a servant. Due to this, Cat herine and Heathcliff never get their happily ever after. Or do they? One of the majorRead MoreGreat Philosophers Like Adam Smith, Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.1589 Words à |à 7 Pagesseries of important historical events have been presented with having a starting and ending point, like that of a line segment. However, great philosophers like Adam Smith, Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. and Sarkar have proven revolutions to be a buildup of cyclical events. Political, economic, and social events have a pattern that they follow and move as never ending cycles rather than having specific starting and ending points. Revolutions originate from a convergence of cyclical economic, political, and
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Advantage and Disadvantages Free Essays
string(19) " means so much me\." Scene 1 Kevin is having a party at his house Scene 2 Mahir arrives. (Music: High High by GD and TOP) Mahir: Yo, what a crazy crib you got there, bro. Kevin: Thanks, bro essay writer pay. We will write a custom essay sample on Advantage and Disadvantages or any similar topic only for you Order Now (Insert bro shake) Mahir throws his bag on the ground and snatches the food from the table. Kevin: The rest of the guests are not here yet. Mahir: Whatever, man. The girl I met at the bar last night was so hot like the sun. She was on fire man! Background music plays: Alicia Keys ââ¬â On Fire The maid stroll past him and Mahir oogles her with his eyes. Mahir: Is she your girlfriend, man? Kevin: No, thatââ¬â¢s my maid. Mahir: I wanna hire her. Scene 3 Doorbell Rings (Billionaire ââ¬âBruno Mars) Vikram: Itââ¬â¢s been awhile, Kevin. Kevin: It hasnââ¬â¢t been that long. Its been like, three days. Vikram: Thatââ¬â¢s long, man. Itââ¬â¢s a long time especially since Iââ¬â¢m making money. Kevin: You mean we. Vikram: Of course, of course. I meant, us. Mahir: Yo, whats up? Vikram: Have we met before? Mahir: I donââ¬â¢t think so. Iââ¬â¢m Mahir. Iââ¬â¢m Kevinââ¬â¢s friend. Weââ¬â¢ve known each other since we were sharing diapers. Vikram: Yeah, sure. Whatever. Kevin behind Vikram, heââ¬â¢ll try to shush Mahir. Mahir grabs Vik tie Mahir: I like your suit. Can I borrow them on Monday? I got an interview. Vikram: (Laughs sarcastically) I donââ¬â¢t think so. Mahir: How do you know Kevin? Vikram: Weââ¬â¢ve been corporate share holders for the past ten years. We specialize in M A. Mostly, A Mahir: MMA? (Boxing) Vikram: Mergers and Acquisitions. Basically, we rip people off their properties. Scene 4 Kevin opens the door to find Selina standing outside the door. She just walks inside without greeting. She goes straightaway to the table laden with snacks. As she stuff things inside her bag, Mahir: Hello, how are you? Selina: Ah, goodlah. You leh? Mahir: Very good, very good. Where are you from? Selina: Klang lah. Mahir: Klanglah? What? Selina; Klang lah! Mahir: Nice bag, yeah? Selina: Yeah, yeah. This bag very the convenient. From Giant. Mahir: So how did you know psycho Kevin? Selina: Hah? Sorry, sorry. My England not very the good. Mahir: So, where you see Kevin? Selina: There lah! You blind ah? Mahir is stunned Mahir: Ohâ⬠¦kay. I never knew Kevin was in the house. Mahir walks away. Scene 5 Door bell rings. Isabel: Bonjour, Kevin. (Air kiss) Kevin: Isabel, come on in! Shafar: Good evening, sir. Kevin ignores Isabelââ¬â¢s PA (Shafar) Isabel: Iââ¬â¢m parched. I need a drink. Shafarâ⬠¦. *snaps fingers* Shafar: What would you like to have? Isabel: Diet water. Shafar: Sure. Scene 6 Shafar heads to the snack table, finding for a glass of water when she sees Selina stuffing food inside her bag. Her eyes grow wide. Selina: Can you give me that water, ah? Shafar: Excuse me? Selina: That water, ah. Shafar: waterah? Selina: Aiyo, that water ah. Shafar: Sorry, I donââ¬â¢t understand. Selina: Soli, soli! Water also donââ¬â¢t know. Selina pushes past her to get the bottled water, which she puts into her bag. Shafar rolls her eyes, took the other bottled water and goes to the kitchen ( Out of the stage) Scene 7 Madheeha opens the door for Tarshini. Tarshini: Hello. Gives a small timid wave) Madheeha: Hello, miss. (Madheeha lets her come in) Tarshini walks in. Tarshini: Is there any toilet in the house? Vikram overhead the question. Vikram: No. thereââ¬â¢s none. If you wanna take a dump, go outside. Vikram walks away. Both Madheeha and Tarshini look at him. Madheeha: Just go straight and turn right. Tashini: Thank you. Ta shini walks away. Scene 8 Doorbell rings. Elias: Greetings. Kevin: Hello! *Elias hugs Kevinâ⬠¦. for a long time* Kevin: Come, let me introduce you to some of my friends. Elias: Okay. They both walk towards Vikram, Isabel and Mahir. Kevin: This is Vikram, Isabel and Mahir. Selina shouts for Kevin. Kevin goes. Elias does his tradional greeting on Vikram. They both said hello. Elias: Hello, Miss. Isabel. I am Elias. Isabel: Hello, Mr. Elias. When Elias turns to Mahir, his eyes grow wide in shocked at Mahirââ¬â¢s attire. Elias: What are you wearing? What is this? Mahir: What are You wearing? A dress? Vik: No, thatââ¬â¢s his traditional attire. Didnââ¬â¢t you go to school? Maher: shut up Kevin: Guys, dinner time! Mahir: Iââ¬â¢m already full. Isabel: Shafar. Shafar. Shafar! Shafar: Sorry, mam. Sorry. I was having your ââ¬Ëgo homeââ¬â¢ shoes cleaned. Isabel: You should be more efficient. Shafar: I will next time. Shafar sets Isabelââ¬â¢s table. All move towards it. They sit down, shafar stands very close to Isabel. Elias: Did you get my sheep two days ago? Kevin: What shit? Elias: Sheep, sheep you know. Baa baa Kevin: Oh, that sheep! Baa baa black sheep. That sheep? Elias: Did you cook it? Kevin: Madheeha! Madheeha comes. Madheeha: Yes, boss? Kevin: Um, the lamb we received about, two days ago? What happened to it? Madheeha: It died. Elias: It died?! Madheeha: Yeah, I killed it. Elias: I thought it died by itself. Kevin: So, did you cook it? Madheeha: Yes, boss. Iââ¬â¢ve made my famous lamb stew with half of it. And the other half is on the barbeque pit. Kevin: Thatââ¬â¢s good! Elias, youââ¬â¢re very lucky. You get to taste her famous lamb stew. Elias: Alright, alright Bring me the barbequed and your FAMOUS lamb stew. Madheeha: Right away! Madheeha walks away. Elias takes his carpet and put it on the floor. Madheeha puts lamb on the table. Elias: Why is my lamb on the table? Who is it for? Madheeha: Sorry. Kevin: No, no. Elias. We have to share. Elias: Yeah, yeah. We can share on the floor. Kevin: No, no Elias. You are one, they are many. Come sit at the table. Elias transfers everything on the table. Kevin: Thanks guys so much for coming. I really appreciate your attendance here. It means so much me. You read "Advantage and Disadvantages" in category "Papers" I hope you enjoy the food that I personally prepared. No caterer you know? BO LUI Vikram: Bo lui? What do you mean bo lui? You just added 20 million in your bank account. Isabel: Its only 20 million, darling. Selina: Walaoeh, 2o million ah? You no share share with me ah? Kevin, Iââ¬â¢m your long long longâ⬠¦.. long long longâ⬠¦.. so long long what cousin ah? (count fingers) Tarshini: Iââ¬â¢ll work my whole life and I wonââ¬â¢t even get 1 million. Isabel: Thatââ¬â¢s why you look like that. Vikram: Are you interested in doing business? Isabel: Like, no. Merging my fashion industry with your M A is so overrated. Kevin on the other handâ⬠¦. is like, on the other hand. Shafar, laugh! Shafar laughs. Selina: What business what business? Can make money ah? I want I want. Viktam: Do you hear the dog barking? Kevin: I open one shop for you lah. Specifically one shop for you. I open a bubble tea shop for you. Selina: Got bubble tea one meh? How you make the tea got bubble? Soap ah? Kevin: No lah, no lah, no lah. You just find a name and the shop is yours lah. Selina: Tea is cha. Time is si kan. So, chasikan lah! Kevin: Can ah can ah. Cha Siew pao also can lah. Isabel: Kevin, would you like to lead my fashion line for males? I need an inside view on the males. Mahir: Inside view? I can give you an inside view. Elias: Inside view? Vikram: Come, letââ¬â¢s talk this out. Isabel: Like, no. Shafar! Shafar shows the hand to Vikram. Vikram: I can make your life miserable. Shafar: Go ahead. It doesnââ¬â¢t get worse than this. Mahir: Why you look so quiet? You look so depressed, girl. Tarshini: No, Iââ¬â¢m okay. Mahir: I canââ¬â¢t even hear what youââ¬â¢re trying to say. Tarshini: No, Iââ¬â¢m okay! Mahir: Chill girl. Continue with your depression. Tarshini: I think Iââ¬â¢m going to go to the toilet. Vikram: So how do you know Kevin? Elias: I knew him from uni. Vikram: So you guys go way back. Mahir: Not as back as me. Elias: What about you? Vikram: Kevin is my business partner. Elias: Oh so what do you do? Iââ¬â¢m interested in doing some business in Malaysia. Vikram: Kevin, you didnââ¬â¢t tell me Elias is a rich bastard. Kevin: Oh yeah, yeah. He deals with importing and exporting fuel. Vikram: Hey! We can use this guy! Kevin: Hey, he is my friend! Vikram: I meant, we can use a guy like that. Kevin: Okay, then. Iââ¬â¢ll discuss with Elias and see if heââ¬â¢s interested in doing some business with us. Vikram walks back happily, like he just won the lottery. Isabel kept turning and hits shafar. Glares. Isabel: Get lost! Shafar :Sorry, mam. .CENSOR. Shafar: Sheââ¬â¢s such a CENSOR. Madheeha: Tell me about it. Shafar: Does your boss treat you like this? Madheeha: No, heââ¬â¢s very nice. Shafar: Youââ¬â¢re so lucky. Without me, I donââ¬â¢t think sheââ¬â¢ll be able to go to the toilet without me. She canââ¬â¢t even brush her own teeth. Madheeha: Laughs Kevin: Madheeha! Madheeha: Yes, boss! Shafar stares. Kevin: Nah, you can clear this and have the balance. All yours. Madheeha: Wah, so much ah. Selina: Wah, so the many food ah? Madheeha takes it all to the back. Shafar: Your boss is so nice. Madheeha: Yes, he is. Isabel: Shafar! Shafar: Here I go again. Isabel: Clear my bones and you can have some of those. Shafar shows Madheeha the plate and throws it. Selina: Eh, eh Madheeha. Just now the food ah, give me some can ah? Madheeha: Can, can. No problem. Selina: We loves our food, We loves our bag, my plecious. Selina: Hey, hi hi hi. Elias: What is she doing? Kevin: Sheââ¬â¢s saying hi. Elias: So many times? Seline shakes her hand, palm at the top. Elias looks startled and gives money to Selina. Selina: Wah, free money. SO good ah? Selina takes the money and walks away. Isabel: Shafar, Shafar. Where is this, Shafar? Kevin: Madheeha! Get Shafar for me please. Madheeha brings Shafar. Isabel: How many bloody times do I have to tell you I only call once? Kevin: Sheââ¬â¢s been calling your name for three times and I had to call Madheeha to get you. Shafar: You know what? I quit! Shafar starts walking away. Isabel: No worries, Kevin. Watch me. Kevin: Watch what? Isabel: Shafar, did you just forget your familyââ¬â¢s lives belong to me? I can just make a call and theyââ¬â¢re â⬠¦ Cut throat motion. Kevin, can I borrow your phone? Kevin: Anything for you my dear. Kevin passes the phone. Shafar: Sorry, mam. I was just joking. Hehehe. Both Kevin and Isabel turns away. Shafar ââ¬â head down Madheeha comforts her and takes Shafar away. Isabel: Iââ¬â¢m gonna make a move. Call me up for high tea or something okay? Bring Mahir. Kevin: Iââ¬â¢ll give you a tinker, around, letââ¬â¢s say, Wednesday? Isabel: Anytime will do. Air kiss. Leaves with Shafar. Elias: Bye. I better go too. Kevin: See you soon Tarshini: Kevin, I think I, I better leave. Kevin: I hope you enjoyed the party and the company. Tarshini: No. Not really. Mahir chased me to the toilet. While I was at the dining table. Kevin: That bugger. So sorry for my useless, idiotic, friend. Mahir goes thumbs up! Wide smile! Tarshini: No hope lah. Buh bye. Vikram: So, Kevin. I better make a move. Kevin: Yeah, sure. See you. Vikram: Remember to discuss with Elias about the business. Kevin: Okay, I will. Selina: Eh, I go first ah? Selina walks out the door. Mahir: Hey man. I gotta go to another party. Kevin: Okay then. Bye! So, Madheeha cleans the place up. As Mahir was going out of the door, Selina: Eh, I forget something Everyone stares while Selina goes to the snack table and takes the last remaining box of tissue. How to cite Advantage and Disadvantages, Papers
Monday, May 4, 2020
Drinks Are Famous Across Whole Australia â⬠Myassignmenthelp.Com
Question: Discuss About The Drinks Are Famous Across Whole Australia? Answer: Introduction As Cheers beers are planning to expand their business in the international market for achieving adequate growth, Indian and Brazilian brewery market is suggested by the newly appointed operations manager to the management of the Cheers organization. They have shown their interest and asked him to review the risks and opportunities in those countries brewery industry so that appropriate steps could be taken for the expansion of the business. As Indian is one of the emerging market and government over there is also planning to invite various multinational and small companies to invest in their country to enhance the employment opportunities for Indians. Expansion of the organization will be beneficial for the organization because beer consumption is increased rapidly there. Apart from this, there are already various companies available which are producing and delivering beer. Promotion and advertisement of alcoholic products are also banned there. While researching for Brazil, it is ob served that chances for establishing the position in the brewery industry are a bit difficult task because since very long period, only one company i.e. Standard Lager beer is enjoying the success. Monopoly type of situation has been developed in Brazil as 98% of market share is being covered by this organization only. To review the additional risk and opportunities factors, appropriate techniques and methods will be discussed further in this report. Risks and Opportunities Analysis There are various kinds of risks are available while expanding the business into the international market and in terms of alcoholic and tobacco products, the same process for expanding the business becomes the bit more complicated. Lot of legal, political, social and other factors needs to be considered by Cheers beers before taking decision for enhancing their business. Political risk, financial risk, cross-cultural risk and commercial risk are the types of risks that an organization needs to suffer while expanding its business in the international market. Below some of these risks will be analyzed in relevance with India and Brazil market conditions (Haimes, 2015). Apart from these risks factors, operations manager needs to evaluate certain factors such as cultural factors, environmental conditions of the particular place, etc. Political Risk involves various kinds of factors such as government invention in international business organizations, imposing taxes over their activities, etc. There are some countries where alcohol consumption and distribution is prohibited. In India, alcohol consumption is banned in some states i.e. Gujarat, Bihar, Nagaland, etc. (Wheelen Hunger, 2011). Apart from the ban on the consumption of alcoholic products, advertisement and promotion of the same are also prohibited. Reviewing this issue, Cheers organization may face some issues while entering into India brewery market due to change in the legal and political policies while comparing Australian and Indian system. Traditionally Indians were not used to with beer consumption, through rice, they used to manufacture beer. But today, it is estimated that in previou s year i.e. in 2016, per capita beer composition is reached to the level of 57 liters. There is a number of beer brands are available in Indian brewery market and amongst them, many are local and international as well. So, Indian brewery market would be a challenging market for Cheers beer to set up their distinctive place (Taylor, et. al., 2010). While estimating the risks factors for Brazil, it was found that the whole market share is being covered by only one beer brand since a very long period i.e. Standard Lager Beer. Many companies have tried to enter the Brazilian brewery market but they were not able to survive in front of Standard Lager beer brand. Apart from this, a consumption of alcohol is at its peak and various issues have been occurred due to consumption of alcohol. Many times, unique campaigns have been conducted to spread the awareness in Brazil in relevance with the objectives of do not drink and drive, etc. because this is the major reason for accidents occurring in Brazil (Shield, et. al., 2013). Due to these issues, Cheers beers may need to develop some strong techniques to settle down in the aggressive competitive environment of Brazilian brewery market. As major accidents reason is consumption of alcohol so, a government of Brazil may take some severe steps to stop this such as the ban on consumption of alcohol or impose huge taxes over the alcoholic drinks, etc. These decisions may create the situation where an organization needs to shut down their business and face losses (Kim Mauborgne, 2014). Opportunities in the Indian and Brazilian brewery industry Global market opportunity Apart from risks and uncertainties, these two countries are selected with a view to analyzing the opportunities which could help the Cheers organization to increase their growth factor. The operational manager has performed some methods through which opportunities could be determined. Indian market is an emerging market at the huge rate (Pietrobelli Rabellotti, 2011). Recently, various MNCs and other corporations from all over the world is in any kind of industry have set up their business outlets in India. The government of India has taken various step for inviting MNCs from across the globe with a view to getting involved in the developed countries and apart from this, investment from abroad organizations in the country will also generate various employment opportunities (Holden, 2011). Currency and Exchange Rates This is the major source of evaluating the opportunities of particular industry or country. Under this approach, a difference is found in the prices of sellers and buyers when cross border transactions are involved. 150 types of currencies are being used across the globe. The decrease in the price of the currency of India and Brazil will lead to losing situation and vice versa (Lane Shambaugh, 2010). Types of Economies The world has been segregated in three types of economies i.e. advanced economy, developing an economy and emerging economy. 35 countries including Japan, US, and the UK are included in the advanced economies, 120 countries are still struggling for converting them into developed countries such as Bangladesh, Nigeria, Zaire, etc. (Kiss, Danis Cavusgil, 2012). Apart from these economies, India, China, Brazil and other 37 countries are included in the emerging economies. From the perceptive of investment, these markets are chosen to be the best as ROI is huge in these places. Cheers beer has the opportunity to setup its place in the selected countries because both these are the part of emerging economy (Successive, et. al., 2014). Emerging markets as target markets Australia is trading with many Asian countries since 2003 and China are on the peak place in trading relevance with goods and services. For manufacturing purpose, Brazil is the location where most of the natural resources are available (Somdaka, 2014). Large reserves of raw materials are available in the lands of Brazil and Cheers beer could take the advantage of this resource. Import of raw materials used in the production of beer will consume more cost then utilization of available resources locally (Sheth, 2011). Low-cost wages Labour cost in the emerging market is quite less in comparison to the labor cost incurred in the advanced economies. Indian and Brazilian markets are filled with this advantage. Except this, India is the third most emerging markets across the globe. China and Indonesia are in the first and second position respectively whereas; Brazil stands very below (Li, 2011). Competition Competition is involved in every industry and in every country. While reviewing the competition in India, it is found that various brands already exist in the Indian brewery market. This could be taken as the advantage because Cheers beer is selling craft beer which is not much famous in the Indian market. Apart from being famous, adequate competitive strategies could be adopted to survive and to develop an effective position in the competitive brewery Indian market. While reviewing the Brazilian market, a number of organizations available in the brewery industry are quite less. But Standard Lager beer is the most popular beer brand in the whole Brazil and neither company is able to set up their image as their competitor since a very long time (Ramamurti, 2012). Cheers beers have the opportunity to create its image in the Brazilian market through adopting unique techniques. Below is the analysis of competition available in Indian and Brazilian brewery market through Porters five forc es: The threat of New Comers: This threat will be faced the existing firms of the particular country. Especially the local brands because they are still selling beers in Indian market without upgrading their techniques and methods for producing beers. Cheers organization needs to face big competition in India but as India and Brazil both are emerging markets and India is one of the favorite locations for international brands. As Cheers beer brand is very famous across the whole Australia and it is a favorable choice of tourists also (Hoenen Hansen, 2013). The threat of Substitutes: Various substitutes are available in the Indian as well as in Brazilian market in relevance with beer. As per recent survey report, consumption of whiskey and other alcoholic drinks is much more in comparison to the consumption of beer. In Brazilian market, beer consumption is much high in relevance with other alcoholic drinks (Swinnen, 2011). Consumers bargaining Power: This act could be faced by the Cheers organization in the Indian market because there are a number of beer brands and other alcoholic drinks manufacturing and distributing organizations exist. The consumer will get the choice of selecting the beer of one brand amongst the huge choices available whereas, this option will not be available for consumers in Brazil as one or two beer brands are selling their beer in the Brazil. Suppliers' Bargaining Power: The same scenario will be developed in the suppliers bargaining power because Indian market has a variety of suppliers involved in the distribution of raw materials required for producing beer (David, 2011). Industrial Rivalry: This approach involves that Cheers beer will be able to promote its products in Brazil without any restriction whereas, a government of India has banned the alcoholic products promotion across the country, as well as some states of India, are prohibited to consume alcoholic drinks. Selected Destination Indian market would be the best for Cheers beer in comparison to the Brazilian brewery market. This is due to the factors involved in the Indian market such as invitation from the Indian government for making a foreign investment to increase the employment opportunities, low-cost labor available, etc. Apart from these factors, Indian industry is the most emerging markets across the globe and it is standing on the third highest emerging country across the globe after China and Indonesia. It means Cheers beer will get the more opportunities to settle their brands goodwill in comparison to the Brazilian market. The major reason for dropping the idea of the Brazilian market for business expansion is the market share of Standard Lager beer (Seidenstricker, Linder Schmitz, 2014). Proposed Entry in India While developing the proposed entry strategy for Cheers beer in India, various factors need to be evaluated which could help the organization to build an effective market entry strategy. The crucial factors which should be discussed are primary competitors, trade barriers, legal policies, political considerations, etc. Common market entry strategies are fulfilling the legal and political considerations and developed an outlet and start performing their activities whereas, effective market entry strategy includes the analyzing the appropriate place across the whole country which will help the organization to develop its distinctive image in the competitive environment. Cheers beer needs to start their activities from Mumbai which is the most favorite places across the globe as well as in India and it is also known as the financial capital of India. This city is situated in the state of Maharashtra and most of the celebrities used to live in this city (Sukumaran, 2012). Other states and cities of India adopt the style being practiced in Mumbai. This is the major reason for making an entry from this city. Most of the international organizations start their business in India from this city only and later on, they have achieved the separate place in all over the country. Operational manager of the organization has suggested the Cheers organization to conduct some activities i.e. market research, demand analysis, supply chain analysis, competitors analysis, etc. All these factors will help the organization to develop its distinctive image in the country. Apart from this, an organization has adopted the pricing strategy by reviewing the price of the most popular beer brands in India. As India as the market for every type of consumer hence; a price of the product should remain at the constant rate which could attract more number of consumers from all mediums. United Breweries is the biggest brand under which Kingfisher, UB Export, etc. are beer brands, SA BMiller is another organization involved in the brewery market and Haywards, Fosters, etc. are popular beer brands in India. Apart from United Breweries and SABMiller, Carlsberg, Mohan Meakin, etc. are some of the other brands available in the Indian brewery market. Amongst them, United Breweries is sharing the highest market share of 51.1% across the country hence; this should be treated as the primary competitor for Cheers beers (D'Aversa, 2016). Conclusion This report concludes the idea of expansion of the Cheers beer which is an Australian organization appoints an operational manager with a view to achieving certain rate of growth. For this purpose, operational manager conducted some methods to evaluate certain risks and opportunities for the Cheers beers in the brewery markets of India and Brazil. As per the research, an adequate market was selected and selection criteria were on the basis of meeting with the expected objectives by the management of the organization. It was found that Indian market is one of the most emerging markets across the globe and Brazil also share the place in the list of emerging markets of the globe. As Cheers beer is an Australian beer manufacturing company which is involved in the production of craft beer so before launching its products in the new environment, certain methods needs to be conducted such as market research which will help the organization to estimate the demand for their products, etc. References D'Aversa, A., 2016, Brewing Better Law: Two Proposals to Encourage Innovation in America's Craft Beer Industry,U. Pa. L. Rev.,165, p.1465. 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