Childhood Abuse and Neglect in an Outpatient Clinical...

The American Journal of Family Therapy, 41:198–211, 2013 Copyright  © Taylor Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 0192-6187 print / 1521-0383 online DOI: 10.1080/01926187.2012.677662 Childhood Abuse and Neglect in an Outpatient Clinical Sample: Prevalence and Impact LIN SHI Specialization in Marriage and Family Therapy, School of Family, Consumer, and Nutrition Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA The study examined the prevalence of ï ¬ ve types of childhood trauma in a sample of adult clients (n = 497) as well as their longterm relation to trauma symptoms in adulthood. Results showed a high prevalence of abuse and neglect with emotional abuse and neglect being the most common ones. Emotional abuse was the best†¦show more content†¦Sequelae of diagnoses linked to long-term impact of childhood trauma include anxiety, depression, bipolar, borderline, substance abuse, antisocial, and personality, eating, dissociative, affective, somatoform, and sexual disorders (van der Kolk, 2007), and PTSD. Among them PTSD has captured the imagination of trauma research (van der Kolk, 2007; Kirmayer, Lemelson, Barad, 2007) despite the fact that it is only one of the many consequences of trauma (Kirmayer, Lemelson, Barad, 2007) and that only a small percentage of victims of severe and profound trauma develop PTSD (van der Kolk, 2007). Furthermore, the study of trauma consequences needs to go beyond DSM diagnoses as impact of childhood trauma can be multifaceted and leave its mark on developmental and relational issues (van der Kolk, 2007). Many symptoms and difï ¬ cult adjustments such as relational issues can be long-term consequences of early abuse and neglect. To date studies linking early abuse and neglect to difï ¬ culties in adulthood beyond speciï ¬ c DSM diagnoses are scarce if not lacking. Moreover, numerous studies fail to 200 L. Shi incorporate the co-presence of multiple types of maltreatment as if diagnosis occurs independently of other trauma symptoms (van der Kolk,Show MoreRelatedThe Effects of Sexual Abuse on Children4542 Words   |  18 Pagesare therefore bound to come into contact with child sexual abuse. Some of these children may have symptoms and signs, and if they have not disclosed the abuse they depend on a doctor to initiate concern about it. Both doctors and children will benefit from medical practice that accepts and recognizes a level of medical concern expressed in terms of reasonable medical certainty (Faller, 2009). 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How I Learned With My Writing - 911 Words

As the semester approaches a conclusion, I have discovered for myself that I happen to exhibit not simply on how I have endured this semester, but then again also what I have gained in knowledge of. In the past four months, I would consider that I obtain an accomplishment of achievement in improving my writing techniques. The most important principle that I have discovered so far ensues on how to become an improved writer. With each writing assignment, I learned additional methods and skills, which tweaked my capabilities to develop my thoughts in detail on paper, to write clearly, and to organize my essays efficiently. In previous years, I would frequently catch myself irritated believing I had terrible writer’s block standing in my path of writing an organized essay. This created a feeling as if I could not distinguish how to write properly and the reasoning behind my hatred for writing. During high school, I learned the Modern Language Association (MLA) formats for bibliogr aphies and parenthetical citations, consequently at the beginning of the fall semester, I knew only this format. I was able to learned the correct format for the American Psychological Association (APA) style when doing each assignment at hand. Procrastination was such a terrible habit for myself. It happens to be extremely difficult to prevent procrastinating as soon as a person has gotten into the habit of doing it. Being the procrastinator that I am, I usually postponed until the last minute toShow MoreRelatedHow I Learned With My Writing976 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the semester I learned and overcame many different things. Writing has never been a strength of mine, but as the semester went on I started to enjoy writing the papers assigned to us. I overcame my problem with procrastination and not giving myself enough time to plan out my papers. 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Micro and Small Business Affecting Saudi Arabias Economy

Question: Discuss about theMicro and Small Business Affecting Saudi Arabia's Economy. Answer: Introduction Despite Saudi Arabian economy being one of the fastest growing in the global perspective, the country has presented a relatively small SMEs (Small and Micro Enterprises) sectors contribution regarding the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as well as the rate of employment. This proposal seeks to investigate a comprehensive finding on the impacts of micro and small business on the economy of Saudi Arabia. Research Objectives To evaluate and examine the effects of micro and small business on the economy of Saudi Arabia To establish the reasons behind the relatively small contribution of SMEs in Saudi Arabia despite the economy being one of the fastest growing globally Significance This study comes at the right time when the contribution of SMEs to global economies is increasing receiving attention globally. With SMEs input taking center stage, it is appropriate to understand how best the potential opportunities presented by SMEs can be harnessed to help boost the economy of Saudi Arabia (Al-Khaldi Wallace, 2009). This study will add to the current literature to discover the reasons for a relatively small contribution to the GDP by Saudi Arabian SMEs despite the economy being one of the fastest growing globally. Research Questions What are the effects of micro and small businesses on the economy of Saudi Arabia? What are the reasons for the small contribution of SMEs to the GDP and employment in the Saudi Arabian economy? Literature Review The SMEs in Saudi Arabia currently account for 90 percent of all the businesses in the country. They provide the country with valuable opportunities to enhance productivity as well as diversify the economy. The contribution of the SMEs to the Growth Domestic Productive (GDP) is 30 percent. This percentage is higher than any other GCC economies. The increasing significance of the SMEs in the Saudi Arabian economy has consequently triggered the government of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Salman Bin Abdulaziz to take initiatives to encourage as well as develop the SMEs. The governments financial initiative purposes to regard the mechanisms of supporting the SMEs in the various fiscal as well as social factors which focus towards the imperative role of SMEs in stimulating as well as developing economies throughout the world. The key enablers of the SMEs in Saudi Arabia include strong regulatory environment, political stability as well as solid infrastructure. Saudi Arabia defines micro as those enterprises with between one and two employees with annual revenue of less than $27,000. The small enterprises are defined by Saudi Arabia as those with between 3 and 49 employees with between $27,000 and $1.3 million. Medium enterprises feature those firms with between 50 and 200 employees and $1.3 to $13.3 million. A clear kingdom-wide strategy for SMEs is inevitable with solely one institution and one definition to understand the SMEs in Saudi Arabia (Asad Sadi Henderson, 2011). The SMEs business environment in Saudi Arabia has provided the understanding of the contribution of SMEs in this economy. They have remained the backbone of any successful as well as the sustainable economy, and Saudi is not exempted (Looney, 2004). The roots of SMEs in Saudi Arabia is local but with the growing globalization and trade crossways the globe, SMEs in Saudi Arabia have exploited the global opportunities. They have a firm footing in Saudi Arabia due to the regions overall economic strategy which supports the diversification away from the oil sector. SMEs in Saudi accounts for 1.97 million (90%) of all the countrys businesses registered. They also account for 60% of the total Saudi Arabias employment. Over 85% of the SMEs in Saudi Arabia are single proprietor companies. The SMEs in Saud Arabia have remained the key to unlocking the broad potential of the economy of Saudi Arabia (Tuncalp, 2009). The sectoral distribution of SMEs in the Saudi Arabian economy can help also acknowledge their contribution to the overall GDP growth of the country. The commercial and Hotel sector has the largest SMEs standing at 47% while the construction industry comes in a distance second at 27% of the SMEs. Industrial, social services, and others account for 12%, 8% and 6% in that order (Ghanem, 2013). The SMEs in the Saudi Arabian economy are widely present in the private sector representing one of the fundamental pillars in the field of trade. Seventy-four percent of the SMEs in Saudi Arabia are involved in the trade as well as construction businesses which are followed by twelve percent in the industrial sector (Zamberi Ahmad, 2011). The SMEs contribution to the GDP in Saudi Arabia presently pegs at 33% that is very low relative to the most developed economies as seen by 64.3% and 50% of the Spain and US GDPs respectively. Nevertheless, the contribution of SMEs to the economy of Saudi Arabia has remained relatively higher in the GCC countries whereby Bahrain and Omans contributions to respective GDP are 28% and 14%. The KSAs SMEs, have, however, gained from several initiatives by the government. A greater percentage of such SMEs benefiting have risen by 28% to 1,497 businesses in 2014 against 1,173 businesses in 2013 (Acs, 2006). The SMEs accounts for 4.5 million employees in Saudi Arabia comprising about 25% of the economys labor force. It is surprising that SMEs employ mainly migrant workers since about 74% SMEs are in construction and commercial sectors. The nationals of Saudi Arabia only account for less than ten percent of the total SMEs employed labor (Zamberi Ahmad, 2012). Methodology The systematic review of literature will be used in this study. The study will involve selection of ten scholarly articles relating to the topic and undertake a thorough review to gather the information. Only peer-reviewed articles will be used in this study. The exclusion criteria will be based on the date of publication where only those study that was produced between 2011 and 2016 will be reviewed. Counter referencing will be done to evaluate the credibility of the sources used by comparing the findings of those of the sources listed at the bottom of each article. Data Analysis Thematic analysis will be used in this study to help discover the effects of SMEs on the economy of Saudi Arabia. It will also help explain why the SMEs relatively contribute low to the GDP of the Saudi Arabian economy. Limitations Since the study only involves a systematic review of the literature, it will be limited in the sense that it might carry forward the mistakes or wrong information presented in the articles or previous studies. Bibliography Acs, Z. (2006). How is entrepreneurship good for economic growth?. Innovations, 1(1), 97-107. Al-Khaldi, M. A., Wallace, R. O. (2009). The influence of attitudes on personal computer utilization among knowledge workers: the case of Saudi Arabia. Information Management, 36(4), 185-204. Asad Sadi, M., Henderson, J. C. (2011). Franchising and small medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in industrializing economies: A Saudi Arabian perspective. Journal of Management Development, 30(4), 402-412. Ghanem, H. (2013). Role of Micro and Small Enterprises in Egypt's Economic Transition. Brookings. Looney, R. (2004). Development strategies for Saudi Arabia: Escaping the rentier state syndrome. Strategic Insights, 3(3), 6-18. Tuncalp, S. (2009). The marketing research scene in Saudi Arabia. European Journal of Marketing, 22(5), 15-22. Zamberi Ahmad, S. (2011). Evidence of the characteristics of women entrepreneurs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: An empirical investigation. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 3(2), 123-143. Zamberi Ahmad, S. (2012). Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises development in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Problems and constraints. World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 8(4), 217-232.

Wilt Chamberlain Essay Example For Students

Wilt Chamberlain Essay There have been many greats to play the game basketball, but we have never, and maybe never again, see the likes of Wilt Chamberlain. His entire life Wilt Chamberlain made the improbable look routine. No professional athlete in any team sport combined the size, strength, and fluidity of movement that Wilt Chamberlain brought into the sleepy, dimly lit NBA arenas of 1959. I?ll go one step further: No one who has played pro team sports has ever dominated every minute of every game in the early ?60s. His size and strength were sources of wonder not only to paying spectators, but also to his fellow players. We will write a custom essay on Wilt Chamberlain specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Wilt played in the NBA for 14 seasons, from ?59-60 through ?72-73, and he helped the NBA from league of moderate local interest to a major TV attraction. Unfortunately, especially for younger fans, most of the TV tributes following his death showed the Wilt of the early ?70s. Sure, his Lakers teams were great-the ?71-72 team won pro sports record 33 games in a row. But Wilt by then was a much different player than he had been in his younger days. I myself have not seen the real Chamberlain play a number of times, but when I did, it was amazing. Through most of the ?60s, Chamberlain played with strength, speed, and dexterity. His footwork was quick enough to fake out defenders, and he had enough touch to make his finger rolls and fadeaways virtually unstoppable. Of course, no one could repel his moves to the hoop, and even when he was technically boxed out under the boards, he would get his share of reach-in rebounds over the heads of shorter opponents. But in November 1969, he had surgery after tearing a knee ligament. Through diligent rehabilitation, he was able to return to the Lakers at the end of the regular season, and play a full playoff schedule. But Wilt?s style was different after the injury: more mechanical, flat-footed, clearly not as fluid, less certain of his ball-handling skills (Sports Illustrated). It is this Chamberlain whom we see on most of surviving film or videotape. A great player, still, but a much different one-certainly less dominating than the man who terrorized the league in the ?60s. Michael Jordan scored 50 or more points in 30 regular-season games in his career. Wilt Chamberlain scored 50 or more points in 45 games during the ?61-62 season. Twenty-six years after he played his last NBA game, Wilt still holds the league?s all-time single-season records for average points, rebounds, and field goal percentage. Wilt?s second-best season in each of those categories is better than any other player?s best through all of NBA history. Some day, perhaps, everyone will be talking about a player who is the Next Jordan, or the Next Magic, and maybe even the Next Russell. But I do not expect we will ever see anyone that we will call the Next Wilt.